ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് ഗ്രാമറിൽ Tenses ഏതെല്ലാം?

Tense എന്നു പറഞ്ഞാൽ സമയം അല്ലെങ്കിൽ കാലം എന്നർത്ഥം വരുന്നത്. 

Tense കൾ മൂന്ന് തരം ഉണ്ട്, അവ ഏതെല്ലാം നോകാം.... 

1) Present Tense (വർത്തമാന കാലം അല്ലെങ്കിൽ ഇപ്പോൾ നടന്നു കൊണ്ടിരിക്കുന്ന സമയം )

2)Past Tense  (ഭൂത കാലം അല്ലെങ്കിൽ കഴിഞ്ഞു പോയ കാലം )

3) Future Tense  (ഭാവി കാലം അല്ലെങ്കിൽ വരാനിരിക്കുന്ന കാലം )


ഒരു Verb വർത്തമാന കാലത്തിലെ കാര്യങ്ങൾ പറയാൻ  Present Tenses ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നു .
Eg: I often write a letter to my friend.

ഒരു Verb ഭൂത കാലത്തിലെ കാര്യങ്ങൾ പറയാൻ Past Tenses   ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നു
Eg: We celebrated onam last month.

ഒരു Verb ഭാവി കാലത്തിലെ കാര്യങ്ങൾ പറയാൻ  Future Tenses ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നു ..
Eg: I shall visit my son today.



The 12 types of tenses.

Present Tense

1. Simple Present Tense :- 

He works. 

They work

2. Present Continuous Tense :- 

He is working.

 They are working.

3. Present Perfect Tense :-

 He has worked. 

They have worked.

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense:- 

He has been working. 

They have been working.

Past Tense

1. Simple Past Tense:- 

He worked.

 They worked.

2. Past Continuous Tense :- 

He was working. 

They were working.

3. Past Perfect Tense:- 

He had worked. 

They had worked.

4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense:- 

He had been working.

 They had been working.


Future Tense

1. Simple Future Tense:-

 I shall work. 

They will work.

2. Future Continuous Tense :-

 I shall be working. 

They will be working.

3. Future Perfect Tense:-

 I shall have worked. 

They will have worked.

4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense :- 

I shall have been working. 

They will have been working.

Present Tense

             1. Simple Present or Present Indefinite Tense

             Subject + base form of verb + s/es +object

              Eg :-

1.      She +like +s + toys.

2.      Anil + watch + es + a movie on Sunday.

          2. Present Continuous or Present Progressive Tense

  Subject + is /are/ am + base form of verb + ing + object

Note:

	Subject	Auxiliary Verb	Present Participle form Verb or  ing form of Verb
First person singular	I	am	Working
First person plural	We	are	Playing
Second person singular	You	are	Coming
Second person plural	You	are	Running
Third person singular	He	is	Swimming
Third person singular	She	is	Dancing
Third person singular	It	is	Raining
Third person plural	They	are	Watching

 

     3. Present Perfect Tense

            Subject + have/has + past participle form of verb +object

Note:

		Subject	Auxiliary Verb	Past Participle form Verb or V3 form of Verb
First person singular	I		Has	Cleaned
First person plural	We		Have	Finished
Second person singular	You		Has	Started
Second person plural	You		Have	Lost
Third person singular	He		Has	Seen
Third person singular	She		Has	Bought
Third person singular	It		Has	Broken
Third person plural	They		Have	Gone

 

     4.  Present Perfect Continuous

          Subject +Have/ has + been + base form of verb + ing + object /complement/adjunct

Note:

		Subject	Auxiliary Verb	Base form Verb +ing or ing form of Verb
First person singular	I		Has been	Working
First person plural	We		Have been	Playing
Second person singular	You		Has been	Coming
Second person plural	You		Have been	Running
Third person singular	He		Has been	swimming
Third person singular	She		Has been	Dancing
Third person singular	It		Has been	Raining
Third person plural	They		Have been	watching

 

Past Tenses

5.Simple Past Tense

Subject + past form of verb + object /object complement/adjunct

Eg: Sukumar + disclosed + the secret.

6.      Past Continuous (progressive) Tense

Subject + was/were + base form of verb + ing + object/complement/adjunct

Eg: They + were + eat + ing + cakes.

	Subject	Auxiliary Verb	Base form Verb +ing or  ing form of Verb	A specific time  or another action
First person singular	I	Was	Working	at 4 pm last day
First person plural	We	Were	Playing	Tennis
Second person singular	You	Were	Coming	to home
Second person plural	You	Were	Reading	a book
Third person singular	He	Was	living	in Delhi
Third person singular	She	Was	wearing	a new dress
Third person singular	It	Was	washing	Yesterday
Third person plural	They	Were	Watching	Television

7. Past perfect Tense

Subject + past participle form of verb + object or object complement/adjunct

 Eg: when the police came the theft had escaped

		Subject	Auxiliary Verb	Past Participle form Verb or V3 form of Verb
First person singular	I		Had	Cleaned
First person plural	We		Had	Finished
Second person singular	You		Had	Started
Second person plural	You		Had	Lost
Third person singular	He		Had	Seen
Third person singular	She		Had	Bought
Third person singular	It		Had	Broken
Third person plural	They		Had	Gone

8.Past perfect continuous

Subject + had been + base form of verb + ing + object/complement/ adjunct

 Eg: They had been working for a better position.

 

		Subject	Auxiliary Verb	Base form Verb +ing or ing form of Verb
First person singular	I		Had been	Working
First person plural	We		Had been	Playing
Second person singular	You		Had been	Coming
Second person plural	You		Had been	Running
Third person singular	He		Had been	swimming
Third person singular	She		Had been	Dancing
Third person singular	It		Had been	Raining
Third person plural	They		Had been	watching

 

  Future Tenses

9. Simple Future or Future Indefinite Tense

Subject + will/shall + base form of verb +object/complement/adjunct

Eg: We + will go+ to home.

10.Future  Continuous  Tense

Subject + will/shall + been + base form of verb + ing +object/complement/adjunct.

 Eg: Anu will have been playing cricket.

	Subject	Auxiliary Verb	Present Participle form Verb or  ing form of Verb
First person singular	I	Will / Shall	Working
First person plural	We	Will / Shall	Playing
Second person singular	You	Will / Shall	Coming
Second person plural	You	Will / Shall	Running
Third person singular	He	Will / Shall	Swimming
Third person singular	She	Will / Shall	Dancing
Third person singular	It	Will / Shall	Raining
Third person plural	They	Will / Shall	Watching

11.Future Perfect Tense

Subject + will have/shall have + past participle form of verb + object/ complement/adjunct

Eg: He + will have gone to Calicut.

		Subject	Auxiliary Verb	Past Participle form Verb or V3 form of Verb
First person singular	I		Will have/ Shall have	Cleaned
First person plural	We		Will have/ Shall have	Finished
Second person singular	You		Will have/ Shall have	Started
Second person plural	You		Will have/ Shall have	Lost
Third person singular	He		Will have/ Shall have	Seen
Third person singular	She		Will have/ Shall have	Bought
Third person singular	It		Will have/ Shall have	Broken
Third person plural	They		Will have/ Shall have	Gone

12. Future perfect continuous

Subject + will have been /shall have been + base form of verb + ing +object/complement/adjunct

 Eg:Anu will have been playing cricket.

		Subject	Auxiliary Verb	Base form Verb +ing or ing form of Verb
First person singular	I		Will have been/ Shall have been	Working
First person plural	We		Will have been/ Shall have been	Playing
Second person singular	You		Will have been/ Shall have been	Coming
Second person plural	You		Will have been/ Shall have been	Running
Third person singular	He		Will have been/ Shall have been	Swimming
Third person singular	She		Will have been/ Shall have been	Dancing
Third person singular	It		Will have been/ Shall have been	Raining
Third person plural	They		Will have been/ Shall have been	Watching