Tag Question എങ്ങനെ എഴുതാം .

ടാഗ് ചോദ്യങ്ങളുടെ സവിശേഷതകൾ
(1) ഒരു പോസിറ്റീവ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്മെന്റ് നെഗറ്റീവ് ടാഗ് എടുക്കുന്നു.
 
(2) ഒരു നെഗറ്റീവ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്മെന്റ് പോസിറ്റീവ് ടാഗ് എടുക്കുന്നു.

(3) പ്രസ്താവനയുടെ അവസാനത്തിൽ ചോദ്യ ടാഗ് അറ്റാച്ചുചെയ്തിരിക്കുന്നു.

(4) പൂർണ്ണ സ്റ്റോപ്പ് കോമ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് മാറ്റിസ്ഥാപിക്കുന്നു.

(5) ടാഗ് ചോദ്യങ്ങളിൽ സർവ്വനാമങ്ങൾ (പ്രസ്താവനയിലെ വിഷയത്തിന് അനുസരിച്ച്) മാത്രമേ ദൃശ്യമാകൂ.

(6) ടാഗ് ഒരു ചെറിയ അക്ഷരത്തിൽ ആരംഭിക്കുന്നു.

(7) ഒരു ടാഗിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിൽ ഒരു ചോദ്യചിഹ്നമുണ്ട്.

(8) ടാഗ് ചോദ്യങ്ങളിൽ “n’t” എന്ന ഹ്രസ്വ രൂപം ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നു.

(9) നെഗറ്റീവ് ആശയങ്ങളുള്ള വാക്യങ്ങളുണ്ട് (പക്ഷേ പോസിറ്റീവ് ക്രിയകളോടെ). അത്തരം വാക്യങ്ങൾ എടുക്കുന്നു പോസിറ്റീവ് ടാഗ്
Eg:-(1) We saw no one we knew, did we?
(2) None of the food was tasty, was it?

(10) little, few, hardly, scarcely,  തുടങ്ങിയ സെമി നിർദേശങ്ങൾ പോസിറ്റീവ് ടാഗ് എടുക്കുന്നു.
eg:- (1) Few students turned up, did they ?
       (2) Little progress does it bring, does it?

(11) “ a few”  and  “ a little”  പോസിറ്റീവ് ആണ്, അവ എടുക്കുന്നു നെഗറ്റീവ് ടാഗുകൾ
eg:- (1) A few boys were selected, weren’t they?
       (2) A little water was left, wasn’t it?

(12) ആശംസകൾ പ്രകടിപ്പിക്കുന്ന വാക്യങ്ങൾ “won’t you” എന്ന ടാഗ് എടുക്കുന്നു.
Eg:(1) Have a nice day, won’t you?

(13) “Let us” എന്ന് ആരംഭിക്കുന്ന നിർദ്ദേശങ്ങൾ “shall we” എന്ന ടാഗ് എടുക്കാം
Eg: (1) Let us have some tea, shall we?

(14) i am എന്ന ടാഗ് aren’t I?
Eg: (1) I am very tired, aren’t I?

(15) Every one, everybody, someone, no one, nobody, any one, none ,any body, some body, neither, each, some of them, all of them, these, those, few, a few ,മുതലായവ ടാഗിൽ ‘they’ എടുക്കുന്നു.
Eg: (1) Every one studied well, didn’t they?
(2) Everybody was present, weren’t they?

(16) Imperative sentence സാധാരണയായി ‘will you’ എന്ന് എടുക്കും
പോസിറ്റീവ് അല്ലെങ്കിൽ നെഗറ്റീവ്
Eg: (1) Leave it, will you?
(2) Don’t stand there, will you?

(17) ‘some of you ’ ടാഗിൽ ‘you’ എടുക്കുന്നു.
 Eg: some of you have been selected for the job,haven’t you?

Simple Present Tense ൽ ing ഉപയോഗിക്കാത്ത verbs.

Simple present tense ൽ  ചില verb കളുടെ അവസാനത്തിൽ" ing " ഉപയോഗിക്കാറില്ല. അവ ഏതെല്ലാം നോകാം. 

1) Verbs of  emotion Eg:  wish, desire, like, love, hate, want, refuse,  etc 

2) Verbs of  thought Eg:  think, believe,  agree,  mean, know, understand, mind,   etc 

3) Verbs of  senses: Eg:  see, hear, taste, smell, touch, feel, etc

4) Verbs of  perception Eg: recognize, notice, imagine, remember,   etc

 

5) Verbs of  appearance Eg:  appear, seem, look,  etc 

6) Verbs of  possession Eg:  own, possess, belong, contain,  have,  consist,  etc

സാധാരണ ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്ന Irregular Verbs.

സാധാരണ ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്ന irregular verb അതിന്റ V1,V2, V3 ഏതെല്ലാം നോകാം. 

V1 Base Form	V2 Past Simple	V3 Past Participle
awake	awoke	awoken
be	was, were	been
beat	beat	beaten
become	became	become
begin	began	begun
bend	bent	bent
bet	bet	bet
bid	bid	bid
bite	bit	bitten
blow	blew	blown
break	broke	broken
bring	brought	brought
broadcast	broadcast	broadcast
build	built	built
burn	burned or burnt	burned or burnt
buy	bought	bought
catch	caught	caught
choose	chose	chosen
come	came	come
cost	cost	cost
cut	cut	cut
dig	dug	dug
do	did	done
draw	drew	drawn
dream	dreamed or dreamt	dreamed or dreamt
drive	drove	driven
drink	drank	drunk
eat	ate	eaten
fall	fell	fallen
feel	felt	felt
fight	fought	fought
find	found	found
fly	flew	flown
forget	forgot	forgotten
forgive	forgave	forgiven
freeze	froze	frozen
get	got	got (sometimes gotten)
give	gave	given
go	went	gone
grow	grew	grown
hang	hung	hung
have	had	had
hear	heard	heard
hide	hid	hidden
hit	hit	hit
hold	held	held
hurt	hurt	hurt
keep	kept	kept
know	knew	known
lay	laid	laid
lead	led	led
learn	learned or learnt	learned or learnt
leave	left	left
lend	lent	lent
let	let	let
lie	lay	lain
lose	lost	lost
make	made	made
mean	meant	meant
meet	met	met
pay	paid	paid
put	put	put
read	read	read
ride	rode	ridden
ring	rang	rung
rise	rose	risen
run	ran	run
say	said	said
see	saw	seen
sell	sold	sold
send	sent	sent
show	showed	showed or shown
shut	shut	shut
sing	sang	sung
sink	sank	sunk
sit	sat	sat
sleep	slept	slept
speak	spoke	spoken
spend	spent	spent
stand	stood	stood
stink	stank	stunk
swim	swam	swum
take	took	taken
teach	taught	taught
tear	tore	torn
tell	told	told
think	thought	thought
throw	threw	thrown
understand	understood	understood
wake	woke	woken
wear	wore	worn
win	won	won
write	wrote	written

എന്താണ് sentence? അവ ഏതെല്ലാം?

എന്താണ് sentence? ഏതെല്ലാം? 

പൂർണ്ണമായ അർത്ഥം നൽകുന്ന പദങ്ങളുടെ കൂട്ടത്തെ വിളിക്കുന്നതാണ് Sentence. ഒരു Sentence ന്  ഒരു subject and verb  ഉണ്ടായിരിക്കണം, പക്ഷേ അതിന് ഒരു object  ഉണ്ടായിരിക്കാം അല്ലെങ്കിൽ ഉണ്ടാകില്ല.

Sentence ൻറെ structure:- 

Subject + Verb + Object 

Subject 

Subject എന്നാൽ ഒരു sentence ൻറെ ആദ്യത്തെ വാക്ക് ആണ്. ക്രിയ ചെയുന്നതിനെ സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നു. 

 

	Subject	Object
First person singular	I	me
Second person singular	you	you
Third person singular	he	him
Third person singular	she	her
Third person singular	it	it
First person plural	we	us
Second person plural	you	you
Third person plural	they	them

Object

Object  എന്നത് ഒരു ക്രിയ അല്ലെങ്കിൽ preposition  ഉപയോഗിച്ച് നിയന്ത്രിക്കുന്ന ഒരു noun  (അല്ലെങ്കിൽ pronoun ആണ് ).  മൂന്ന് തരം object ഉണ്ട്:

• Direct Object (e.g., I know him. ഇതിൽ  him എന്നത്  pronoun ആണ്  )
• Indirect Object  (e.g., Give her the prize.ഇതിൽ  prize എന്നത്  noun ആണ് )
• Object of a Preposition  (e.g., Sit with them.ഇതിൽ  them  എന്നത്  pronoun ആണ് but അതിന് മുൻപ് with  എന്ന preposition ഉണ്ട്.  )

Types of Sentence 

Sentence രണ്ട് തരത്തിൽ ഉണ്ട്.

1.Based on Purpose or Sense 

2.Based on Structure 

Based on Purpose or Sense 

 

1.Assertive /declarative sentence 

2.Negative sentence 

3.Interrogative sentence 

4.Imperative sentence 

5.Exclamatory sentence 

1.Assertive /declarative sentence 

ഇത് ഒരു പ്രസ്താവന അല്ലെങ്കിൽ പ്രഖ്യാപനം  (statement) ആകാം, തുടക്കത്തിൽ capital letter ൽ തുടങ്ങി  "." ഡോട്ട്  അവസാനിക്കും. 

Eg:- 

2.Negative sentence 

ഇത് Negative statement ആണ് .നിങ്ങളോട് എന്തെങ്കിലും പറയാത്ത ഒരു വാക്യത്തെ നെഗറ്റീവ് sentence  എന്ന് വിളിക്കുന്നു. ഇല്ല, ഒരിക്കലും, ഇല്ല, ആരും, ആരും, ആരുമില്ല, അല്ലെങ്കിൽ ഇല്ല അല്ലെങ്കിൽ ചെയ്യാൻ കഴിയില്ല അല്ലെങ്കിൽ ചെയ്യാൻ കഴിയില്ല(not, never, no, no one, nobody, none, or a negative verb like isn't or can't or won't.) എന്നതുപോലുള്ള ഒരു നെഗറ്റീവ് ക്രിയ ഇതിൽ അടങ്ങിയിരിക്കുന്നു.
ചില negative  വാക്കുകൾ 

3.Interrogative sentence 

Interrogative sentence എന്നാൽ ചോദ്യം ചോദിക്കുന്ന വാചകം ചോദ്യം ചെയ്യാവുന്ന വാക്യമാണ്. ഇത്തരത്തിലുള്ള വാക്യം സാധാരണയായി ഒരു കാലയളവിനു (.) പകരം ചോദ്യം ചെയ്യൽ (?) കുറിപ്പോടെ അവസാനിക്കുന്നു.
ഇത് ചിലപ്പോൾ W-H question  അല്ലെങ്കിൽ Yes/No question  ആക്കാം.

4.Imperative sentence 
നിർദ്ദേശങ്ങളോ ഉപദേശമോ നൽകുന്ന ഒരു കമാൻഡ്, ഓർഡർ, ദിശ അല്ലെങ്കിൽ അഭ്യർത്ഥന എന്നിവ പ്രകടിപ്പിക്കുന്ന ഒരു തരം വാക്യമാണിത്.
ഇത് verb ലോ അല്ലെങ്കിൽ auxiliary verb ലോ  തുടങ്ങി  dot ൽ അവസാനിക്കുന്നു .

5.Exclamatory sentence 

ഒരു Exclamatory വാചകം ശക്തമായ ഒരു വികാരത്തെ അറിയിക്കുകയും Exclamatory ചിഹ്നത്തിൽ (!) അവസാനിക്കുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു. ഒരു പ്രഖ്യാപന വാക്യത്തിന്റെ കൂടുതൽ ശക്തമായ പതിപ്പാണ് Exclamatory  sentence അഥവാ ആശ്ചര്യചിഹ്നം

1. Exclamation with “How”: How fast he runs!
2. Exclamation with “What”: What a beautiful house!
3. Exclamation with “so”: The birthday cake was so good!
4. Exclamation with “such”: You're such a liar!
5. Exclamation conveys strong emotion: I hate you!

 

Based on Structure 

 

1.Simple sentence

2.Compound sentence

3.Complex sentence

1.Simple sentence
ഒരു വാക്യം മാത്രം ഉൾക്കൊള്ളുന്ന ഒരു വാക്യം, ഒരൊറ്റ വിഷയവും പ്രവചനവും. 

2.Compound sentence
ഒന്നിൽ കൂടുതൽ വിഷയങ്ങളുള്ള ഒരു വാചകം അല്ലെങ്കിൽ പ്രവചിക്കുക.

3.Complex sentence
ഒരു subordinate clause or clauses കൾ അടങ്ങിയ ഒരു വാചകം. 

Kerala Rutronix PPTTC English grammar Question with Answer

Fill in the blanks using(am, is, are, was, were , have,  had, do, did, does,  can, could, will,would, may,  might,  must, need,whom, who)

1	He....................writing a novel.	is
2	They................maching forward.	are

1.  He....................writing a novel.                                                                                     (Ans:-is)
2. They................maching forward.                                                                                   (Ans:-are)
3. New Delhi.................the capital of india.                                                                      (Ans:-is)
4. They...................violated the agreement.                                                                       (Ans:-had)
5. I..................a cable from my son in New York.                                                           (Ans:-have)
6. They......................engeged in a heated argument.                                                      (Ans:-were)
7. The doctor said he...............................operate on the patient.                                   (Ans:-must)
8. If i were a king,i.........................make you my queen.                                              (Ans:-would)
9. Sulphuric acid.........................disolve most metals.                                                  (Ans:-can)
10. Candidates...........................not write their names on the answer sheets.                  (Ans:-do)
11. Tell me..................you coming to the party.                                                              (Ans:-are)
12. They...................finished the job.                                                                              (Ans:-had)
13. What...............you do every Sunday?                                                                       (Ans:-do)
14. I....................like to watch TV.                                                                                 (Ans:-would)
15. ..................i come in please?                                                                                    (Ans:-may)
16. They child as well as his parents..............missing.                                                  (Ans:-is)
17. They..................pass their examination two years ago.                                            (Ans:-did)
18. You......................better consult a doctor?                                                                (Ans:- would)
19. Where.................they go yesterday?                                                                         (Ans:-did)
20. I.....................visited Agra last year.                                                                         (Ans:-had)
21. You................always welcome.                                                                                 (Ans:-are)
22. I..............seen him before.                                                                                         (Ans:-had)
23. Anyone..................knows the truth should tell us.                                                    (Ans:-who)
24. This is the man.....................i told you about.                                                           (Ans:-whom)
25. He.........................the first to come and the last to go.                                              (Ans:-was)
26. We.........................two more players for the team.                                                    (Ans:-need)
27. I.....................going to Mumbai on Thursday.                                                           (Ans:-am)
28. I...................like to know what my duty is.                                                               (Ans:-would)
29. We.................build up a strong army to defend the country.                                     (Ans:-have)
30. Do you..................any help?                                                                                      (Ans:-need)
31. Pepole.............................remain seated until the show is over.                                 (Ans:-must)
32. She..................................have succeeded if she had worked hard.                           (Ans:-would)
33. I..............................writing a letter.                                                                           (Ans:-am)
34. I.............................speak two language.                                                                    (Ans:-can)
35. The man...............................you met yesterday is coming to dinner.                        (Ans:-whom)
36. I..................................finished the report.                                                                 (Ans:-have)
37. He...........................a nice job.                                                                                   (Ans:-has)
38. If i study, I.........................pass the exam.                                                                 (Ans:-has)
39. The busses..........................often late.                                                                       (Ans:-may)
40. The house..........................intested with rats.                                                            (Ans:-is)
41. Many people...........................died of plague.                                                           (Ans:-were)
42. ..........................she come every day?                                                                       (Ans:-does)
43. I............................a terrible dream last night                                                            (Ans:-had)
44. There................two grey hairs on your head.                                                            (Ans:-are)
45. She.....................come with us.                                                                                  (Ans:-will)

Covert the following sentence from Active voice to Passive voice

Rules for convert Active voice to Passive Voice :-click here

1. We can see stars at night.                                     {Ans:-The stars can be seen by us at night}
2. We set the table.                                                   {Ans:-The table was set by us}
3. Does the police officer catch the thief?               {Ans:-Is the thief caught by the police?}
4. She pays a lot of money.                                      {Ans:-A lot of money is paid by her}
5. They don't help you.                                                  {Ans:-You are not helped by them}
6. Carry it home.                                                                 {Ans:- Let it be carried home}
7. We will conduct the meeting tomorrow?            {Ans:- This meeting will be conducted by us tomorrow}
8. Shoot all intruders.                                              {Ans:-Let all the intruders be shot}
9. Who broke the slate?                                            {Ans:- By whom was the slate broken}
10. She gave me this pen.                                           {Ans:-That pen i was given by her}
11. Pranav caught a big fish.                                       {Ans:-A big fish was caught by Pranav}
12. Beautifull giraffes roam the savannah.          {Ans:The savannah is roamed by the beautiful giraffes}
13. I will clean the house every Saturda                    {Ans:-Every Saturday the house will be cleaned by me}
14. Who taught you to ski?                                         {Ans:-By whom were you taught to ski?}
15. The two kings are signing the treaty.                    {Ans:- The treaty is being signed by the two kings}
16. The director will give you instructions.                 {Ans:-Instructions will be given to by the director)
17. People created history.                                            {Ans:-History was created by people}
18. He opens the door.                                                   {Ans:- The door is opened by him}
19. I write a letter.                                                           {Ans:-A letter is written by him}
20. The lion ate the boy.                                                  {Ans:-The boy was eaten by the lion}
21. His misbehavior surprises me.                                   {Ans:- I am surprised by his misbehaviour }
22. How did the boys break the windows?                       {Ans:-How were the windows broken by the boys?

Convert the following sentences Direct to Indirect speech.

Rules for convert Direct speech to Indirect speech :-click here

1. "They found gold here" said the geology teacher. {Ans:-The geology teacher said that they had found gold there.}
2. "I want your homework handed in by tomorrow" he said.{Ans:-He told that he wanted his homework had handed in by that day}
3. " I'm feeling tired now" said David.                        {Ans:-David said that he was feeling tired}
4. "My mother made there cakes" said Juan.               {Ans:-Juan asked that his mother had made there cakes.}
5. He said,"I like this song."                                        {Ans:-He told that he liked that song}
6. "Where is your sister?" she asked me.                    {Ans:- She asked me where my sister was}
7. "The film began at seven O'clock" he said.             {Ans:-He said that the film had begun at 7'O clock}
8. "Don't play on the grass boys" she said.                  {Ans:- She said that not to play on the grass boys}
9. He said,"We cannot be quite happy in this life"      {Ans:-He said that they could not be quiet happy in that life}
10. "sit down, boys" said the teacher.                             {Ans:-The teacher ordered the boys to sit down}
11. "I have won a prize int the competition" , my wife said to me on telephone. {Ans:- My wife told me that she had won a prize in that competition}
12. The policeman said,"I wonder why have you taken such a great risk?   {Ans:- The policeman said that he wondered why I had taken such a great risk}
13. The boy said to the girl," I don't like your hair style."  {Ans:- The boy said to the girl that he didn't like her hairstyle}
14. "I saw three snakes in the garden." He said .          {Ans:-He said that he had seen three snakes in the garden}
15. Mother said,"Let me see your progress card." {Ans:-Mother told to see his progress card}
16. " I am going to USA." He says.                                {Ans:-He says that he is going to USA.}
17. "Where were you born?" he asked me.                    {Ans:- He asked me where i had  born}
18. "Keep quiet" said the teacher to the students.          {Ans:- The teacher ordered the students to keep quiet}
19. "Call the witness"  said the magistrate.                    {Ans:-The magistrate ordered to call the witness}
20. "Please take me to the hospital" said the patient.    {Ans:- The patient requested to take him to the hospital}
21. "Don't talk in the class" said the teacher.                {Ans:- The teacher ordered not to talk in the class}
22. Sunny said,"Will you come and play cards with me? {Ans:- Sunny asked me whether I would go and play cards with him}

Rewrite as Directed

Create Question Tag

Let's go and see their new house,..................?
 Ans:-Shall we
Let us go for a walk,.....................?

Ans:- shall we
Boys are fond of adventure,..........................?

Ans:-aren't they
You are Tom,........................?
 Ans:- aren't you.
He attended the meeting,......................?
Ans:- didn't he

 

 Add Articles (A, An, The)

1.He started learning..................piano at.................age of ten. 

Ans:- a, the
2.Sunil is not only..................writer but also................actor.

Ans:- a, an
3....................tiger is.................ferocious.

Ans:-The, a

 

Combine using "as well as"

1.He is a fool. He is a mad man.
 Ans:-He is a fool as well as mad man

2.He is poet. He is also an orator.
Ans:-He is a poet as well as an orator.

Combine using "either ......nor"

He is a fool. He is a mad man.
Ans:-He is either a fool or mad man

Combine using "unless"

The boys must work hard. Otherwise they will fail.
Ans:-The boy will fail unless they work hard.

Combine to  a simple sentence

I have to support my family. i want to find a job.
Ans:-i have to support my family and want to find a job.

Combine to a compound sentence.

She is intelligent. She is dishonest.
Ans:-She is intelligent but is dishonest

Rewrite using "no sooner......than"

1As soon as the minister arrived, the meeting began.
Ans:-No sooner than the minister arrived the meeting began .
2.As soon as the tiger appeared, the hunter shot it down.
Ans:-No sooner than the tiger appeared the  hunter shot it down.

Rewrite using "so.....that"

She is too polite to  refuse.
Ans:-She is too so polite to refuse that

Rewrite using Introductory "It"

To invest all your money on land will be foolish.
Ans:-It is foolishness to invest all of your money on land

Fill the suitable

He was transferred to a................place.(Further/ father)
Ans:-Further
She has been a doctor...................1998(Since/ for)
Ans:-Since
.............learning is dangerous thing(little/ a little/ The little)
Ans:- Little
We have known her...............five years.(Since/ for)
 Ans:-For
He.................football since his childhood.(has played/ has been playing)
Ans:-has been playing
I studied New Zealand...............one month(Since/ for)
Ans:-For
We can decide it only after...........investigation(Further/ father)
 Ans:-Further
The news from abroad..............encouraging( is / are)
Ans:-is

Fill the suitable Proposition

You are advised to write.................pen.
Ans:-with
I was born...............Stone Hill in  Alleppey district.
Ans:-at

Change the voice

They are repairing the scooter. {Ans:-The scooter is being repaired by them.}
Open the door.{Ans:-The door opened.}
He is doing the problems.{Ans:- The problems are being done by him.}

Change into Comparative degree

Kovalam is one of the most beautiful beaches in Kerala.
Ans:-Kovalam is more beautiful than most other beaches in Kerala. 

 

Change into Exclamatory Sentence

It is a beautiful picture.
Ans:- what a beautiful picture it is!

Exclamatory sentence എന്നാൽ പെട്ടന്നുള്ള feeling കാണിക്കുന്ന sentence ളെ പറയുന്നു. ഇതിൽ " !" Exclamation mark ഉപയോഗിച്ചിരിക്കും. 

Use 'prefer' instead of 'like'

1.I like books more than magazines.
Ans:-i prefer books to magazines.
2.I like chocolate more than vanilla 

Ans:- I prefer chocolate to vanilla.

Use correct Tense form of the verb given in bracket

1.We...............(go) shopping last weekend.
Ans:- went 

Go   simple present singular(i,we,you,they)

Goes   - simple present plural(he,she,it)

Went  - past simple

Gone -past participle

Going - ing form

2.My mother.............(make) some coffee now.
Ans:-making 

Make -simple present singular(i,we,you,they)
Makes   - simple present plural(he,she,it)

Made   - past simple,past participle

Making  - ing form

3.I was very tired, so I...........(go) to bed early.
 Ans:- went 

Go   simple present singular(i,we,you,they)

Goes   - simple present plural(he,she,it)

Went  - past simple

Gone -past participle

Going - ing form

4.He................(go) to Kuwait last year and..............(work) there now.
Ans:- went  ,work

Go   simple present singular(i,we,you,they)

Goes   - simple present plural(he,she,it)

Went  - past simple

Gone -past participle

Going - ing form

Work  simple present singular(i,we,you,they)
Works  - simple present plural(he,she,it)

Worked   - past simple,past participle

Working - ing form

5.Rita.............(cry) the whole night,when she..............(lose) her toy.
Ans:-cried ,loses 

Cry- simple present singular(i,we,you,they)

Cries   - simple present plural(he,she,it)

Cried   - past simple,past participle

Crying  - ing form

Lose simple present singular(i,we,you,they)
Loses  - simple present plural(he,she,it)

Lost  - past simple,past participle

Losing - ing form

6.She ......(reach) the railway station before the train came.
Ans:-reached 

Reach   simple present singular(i,we,you,they)

Reaches  - simple present plural(he,she,it)

Reached  - past simple,past participle

Reaching - ing form

7.My friend who ...............(leave) for English two year ago ..........(work) on a thesis since then
 Ans:-left ,worked

Leave simple present singular(i,we,you,they)
Leaves  - simple present plural(he,she,it)

Left  - past simple,past participle

Leaving - ing form

Work  simple present singular(i,we,you,they)
Works  - simple present plural(he,she,it)

Worked   - past simple,past participle

Working - ing form

Use  the correct form of pronoun

You did better than ...............(we/ us)
Ans:-us 

We- subjective pronoun 

Us- objective pronoun 

Use where

1.This is the spot. The accident took place there.
Ans:-This is the spot where the accident took place. 
 
 take-simple present singular(i,we,you,they)
takes - simple present plural(he,she,it)
took - past simple
taken -past participle
taking - ing form

Use noun of 'deep'

1.We cannot measure the of the sea easily.
Ans:-we cannot measure the depth of the sea easily.  

  deep - adjective or adverb
  deeply  adverb
  deepen  verb
  depth   noun

Correct the sentence

1.He enjoys to hurt others.
Ans:-He enjoys hurting others. 

hurt -simple present singular(i,we,you,they)
hurts - simple present plural(he,she,it)
hurt - past simple,past participle
hurting - ing form

2.He neither eats meat nor fish.
Ans:-  He eats neither meat nor fish

eat -simple present singular(i,we,you,they)
eats - simple present plural(he,she,it)
ate- past simple,
eaten -past participle
eatting - ing form


English Grammar Notes Click here:-
1.Part of Speech
2.Tenses (Past,Present,Future)
3.Singular and Plural Froms
4.Verb Forms(V1,V2,V3,and more)
5.Active Voice to Passive Voice
6.Direct Speech to Indirect Speech

Direct speech and indirect speech

Direct to indirect speech 

ഒരു വ്യക്തി പറഞ്ഞത് റിപ്പോർട്ട്‌ ചെയ്യാൻ രണ്ട് വഴികളുണ്ട്. 

1)Direct speech (നേരിട്ടുള്ള  സംസാരം )

2)Indirect speech ( പരോക്ഷ സംസാരം)

Rule 

1) 1 person and 2 person pronoun എന്നിവ 3 person ആയി മാറ്റപ്പെടും. 

2)  അഭിസംബോധന (addressed ) ചെയ്ത വ്യക്തി  report സ്വയം റിപ്പോർട്ട്‌ ചെയുന്നുവെങ്കിൽ, രണ്ടാമത്തെ വ്യക്തിയെ (2 person) ആദ്യ വ്യക്തിയായി  (1 person) മാറ്റപ്പെടും.

3) ചില words മാറ്റപ്പെടും. അവ :-

Direct                          Indirect 

Now                               then 

Today                            that day 

To night                        that night 

Yesterday                     the last day

Tomorrow                     the next day 

Last                                the previous 

Ago                                  before 

So                                     thus

This                                 that

These                              those 

Here                                 there

Hence                              thence 

At once                            just that 

4) Models auxiliaries മാറ്റപ്പെടും.

Can could 

May might 

Shall should 

Will would 

Must had to 

5) എല്ലാ commas or quotation marks ഒഴിവാക്കുക.അവസാനം dot use ചെയുക.

6) Tense ലെ മാറ്റങ്ങൾ. 

a) simple present tense -----> simple past tense ആകും. 

Eg:-

 He said, "My brother  writes  a story". (Direct )

He said that his brother wrote  a story. (Indirect)

b) simple past  tense ----->  past perfect tense ആകും.

He said, "my brother wrote  a story". (Direct )

He said that his brother had written a story. (Indirect)

c) present continuous  tense ----->  past continuous  tense ആകും.

He said, "My brother is writing a story". (Direct )

He said that his  brother was writing  a story. (Indirect)

d)  present perfect tense ----->  past perfect  tense ആകും.

He said, "my brother had written a story". (Direct )

He said that his brother had written a story. (Indirect)

Active and Passive voices

Active voice  and  Passive voice

Main verb ലെ object ന്റെ അടിസ്ഥാനത്തിൽ രണ്ടായി തിരിച്ചിരുന്നു. അതിലെ  Transitive verb ന്  രണ്ട്  voice ഉണ്ട്. 

1)Active voice

2)Passive voice 

Active voice എന്നാൽ subject ന്  പ്രാധാന്യം ഉള്ളത്. 

Passive voice എന്നാൽ object  ന്  പ്രാധാന്യം ഉള്ളത്. 

Eg:-  i wrote   an essay (AV)

An essay was written by me (PV)

Passive voice ലേക്ക് മറ്റുപ്പോൾ Rules ശ്രദ്ധിക്കുക  :-

1)Active verb ന്റെ object നെ subject ന്റെ സ്ഥാനത് മാറ്റുക. 

2)Verb ന്റെ form passive voice മാറ്റപെടും. 

3)verb യുടെ എണ്ണം object ന്റെ എന്നതിന് അനുസരിച്ച് മാറ്റപെടും.

4)passive ന്റെ format be form +V3.

ഇതിന്റെ structure :-

Present tenses

1)simple present tense 

 Active voice    ----S+V1+s/es+O

 Passive voice  ----O+am/is/are+V3+by +S

 

2)  present  progressive /continues tense 

 Active voice    ----S+ am/is/are V1+ing+O

 Passive voice  ----O+am/is/are+being +V3+by+S

 

3)  present perfect tense 

 Active voice    ----S+have/had+V3+O

 Passive voice  ---- O+has +been +V3+by+S

Past tense 

1) simple past tense 

 Active voice    ----S+V2+O

 Passive voice  ---- O+was/were +V3+by+S

 

2) past  progressive tense 

Active voice    ----S+was/ware +V1+ing+O

 Passive voice  ---- O+was/were +being +V3+by+S

 

3) past perfect tense 

Active voice    ----S+had+V3+O

 Passive voice  ---- O+had+been +V3+by+S

 

Further tense 

1)simple future

 Active voice    ----S+will /shall +V1+O

 Passive voice  ---- O+will/shall+be +V3+by+S

 

2)future perfect  

Active voice    ----S+will have /shall have +V3+O

 Passive voice  ---- O+ will have /shall have +been +V3+by+S

ഇതിൽ ഉപയോഗിക്കാത്ത tenses 

1)present perfect continuous (or progressive )tense 

2) past  perfect continuous (or progressive )tense 

3) future perfect continuous (or progressive )tense 

4) future continuous (or progressive)tense